لقد حان المستقبل بالفعل ، فهو في الواقع يتجسد في أحدث كائن مستقبلي مع إنتاجات فنية مذهلة داخل المبنى الذي يعد أكبر ناطحة سحاب في العالم - هذا هو المكعب في حي المربع الجديد في الرياض. تم بناء ناطحة السحاب الحديثة هذه على شكل مكعب ضخم ، يتغير بداخله الوضع أو العالم القديم أو الكواكب الرائعة على شاشة القبة. انها جميلة جدا ومثيرة. المكعب عبارة عن مبنى ضخم يضم 1000 جناح فندقي فاخر ومطاعم ومقاهي وترفيه للبالغين والأطفال ومتحف ومسرح ومكاتب تجارية ومتاجر ومعارض. وهو رمز للاختراق التكنولوجي والثروة والنجاح في المملكة العربية السعودية.
Despite the fact that in ancient times there were multi-storey buildings and even entire cities, due to the lack of any necessary technical skills and construction methods at that time. At this time, this was facilitated by the emergence of multiple construction technologies. One of the main such technologies was the use of a load-bearing steel frame. Unlike the usual construction method, where the walls themselves took on the load-bearing load of the building, and accordingly, with each floor, their strength, thickness, and as a result, the weight of the walls had to increase, but in the frame construction of buildings, the main load was borne by a strong steel frame inside the building, and the walls They were only protected from external environmental factors. Also, the determining factor is that the strength of steel is 10 times higher than the strength of even the strongest and highest-quality concrete or brickwork, which caused houses to be built higher and higher due to a decrease in the volume of building materials consumed. Another technology, or rather an invention, without which it is impossible to imagine a modern skyscraper, is an elevator. The first elevator used in high-rise buildings was the Otis elevator, the design of which was an electric drive in which the weight of the cabin going up was partially balanced by the weight of the second cabin going down. As a result of the use of this technology, restrictions on the height of the lift were lifted. These technologies were quickly evaluated and introduced into the basis for the construction of high-rise buildings, which began their mass distribution. Many architects and organizations have begun to build a huge number of high-rise buildings, and as a result. Thus, since the 20th century, a kind of race for the construction of high-rise buildings began. It is also worth noting that the trend of skyscraper architecture has been constantly changing throughout the century. If the first skyscrapers had simple cubic shapes, then after a while they began to become more fashionable and with stepped tower structures. Now, in the XXI century, there has been another breakthrough in high-rise construction. Unthinkable investments appeared in the architecture of high—rise buildings, the thirst for leadership, the rivalry of leading architects - all this changed many cities beyond recognition in two decades, turning them into skyscraper cities. The skyscrapers themselves have become twice as tall as before. Now the Asia-Pacific region and the oil-rich countries of the Middle East occupy the leadership among skyscrapers. They are known for the tallest building in the world. So, today construction technologies allow to erect structures up to three kilometers high. However, such high-rise buildings are not in demand yet, at least because it is quite difficult to get to the "top" in a reasonable time. Therefore, to date, most skyscrapers are not built above 500 meters. The main advantage driving their buildings is their versatility. So, on a relatively small area of such a high-rise building, an entire residential area, a commercial office of a large company, shops, etc. can be located, while leaving more space for landscaping. Also, land is becoming very expensive in cities today, and the organization of such construction is becoming more economically profitable. Also, on a city scale, this contributes to a greater centralization of the main flow of population and funds. However, the cost of erecting and constructing such a high-rise building can cost a decent amount. However, given the current needs of society, the construction of high-rise buildings, despite the cost, is still constantly being carried out. The concept of such a city largely depends on the development of its structure. Today, there is an increasing need for megacities due to large technological, environmental and social problems. The evolution of the urban structure along the vertical axis, where the city is a skyscraper, is a matrix system that, under the influence of constant evolution in connection with today's needs, begins to search for a structural form of its organization. If there is an urgent need, the city can acquire forms that provide a solution to the problem that has arisen. There is a qualitative transition of the city into new structural forms. All this speaks to the sustainability of this concept of a modern skyscraper city or megalopolis. The modern city is subordinated to the modern principles of shaping, where the basis lies in the constantly changing information space. The architecture and image of the city, based on many factors and the improvement of each sky scraper individually, as we have already said, is constantly evolving, acquiring all kinds of forms from nonlinear to sharp-angled. Information fields, the possibility of electronic flows, international communications, high technologies are the city's reality. Of course, such a concept of skyscraper cities has its advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include a fairly developed infrastructure. The modern structure of a self-replicating skyscraper city is developed along the vertical axis and is close to the cosmic future. It contains urban infrastructure, natural components and ecological integrated systems. The matrix structure of a skyscraper by dynamic alignment allows us to take into account all the possibilities of changing the requirements of environmental factors. This contributes to favorable conditions and an increased standard of living for its population. Also, the concept of a skyscraper city leads to a greater centralization of the main flow of population and funds, which, as we have already mentioned, contributes to the constant development of the city. However, such a state of the modern city also contributes to traffic congestion, and, accordingly, to environmental problems of exhaust gases, a constant dynamic regime and population load. Thus, in conclusion, we can say that skyscrapers are a very significant part of every major modern city. For the most part, history continues with it, and skyscrapers of the most unpredictable and extravagant shapes continue to rise to the sky above the metropolises of world civilization. Vertical cities or skyscraper cities contribute to the continuous growth of the technical, social, populated and economic component of the city. Thanks to centralization, such cities contribute to the continuous development of living conditions. Ultimately, this concept of a skyscraper city contributes to the emergence of more and more developed centers, which can lead to the creation of an "ideal world" where social, economic, natural and historical factors go inextricably with each other. The urban area was presented in the form of two narrow parallel zones of residential and industrial use. A green protective zone was planned between them, on the territory of which educational and research complexes, sports facilities and catering facilities were to be located. In the linear plan, significant shortcomings of such a form of settlement were immediately revealed: the inconveniences of a growing system of public and cultural services for the population, administrative institutions, theaters, shops, educational and scientific institutions. However, experience suggests that linear cities are quite resilient under the conditions of a new level of urban planning, which assumes the growth of cities in the vertical aspect. Vertical cities as a way to solve the problems of urbanization. Imagine if you could make friends, shop at the grocery store, exercise at the gym - all in the same skyscraper. Or if you could take the elevator to work. This is one of the many advantages of the vertical kind, an urban design concept that reinterprets horizontal life. The idea is that while normal cities consist of hundreds of buildings, vertical cities will have several slender buildings standing hundreds of stories tall. What is expected from the concept of vertical cities? Vertical cities will be able to solve the problem of land shortage, which will grow upwards, occupying relatively small areas, but at the same time will be able to accommodate thousands of residents. Vertical City company offers to build skyscrapers up to 400 floors high. Such high-rise buildings will accommodate everything necessary for urban life: separate apartments, hospital and university complexes, municipal institutions. Vertical cities will allow for a rapid increase in the urban population. Giant skyscraper cities, theoretically, will be able to provide themselves with energy if they are covered with solar panels around the perimeter. There is no need for private cars and public transport, because all business can be done without leaving your home city. This will have a huge positive impact in the field of ecology. The concept of vertical cities is good because, on the one hand, it makes it possible to redistribute population density, and on the other hand, to create an autonomous ecosystem within the boundaries of one building. At the moment, vertical cities in the full-scale understanding of this term have not yet begun to be built. The trial version of the vertical type concept includes a built tower, which is an ultra-tall building. The tower is divided into 9 vertical zones, on which there are miniature parks called "heavenly lobbies". Up to 25 thousand people can live in the 180-storey skyscraper. The building is planned to be built in the Persian Gulf. It will have living quarters, spas, meditation centers, a gym and luxury hotel rooms. People will be able to get to the vertical city by car or helicopter. The chief architect in the interview said that his vertical city is rethinking the skyscraper, as it will have 20,000 square meters of green space. "The biggest thing about living in a vertical city is that it allows you not to lose touch with nature. The company has developed an energy-saving structure. Solar panels made of photovoltaic glass can provide electricity and fresh water to all buildings. This will reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide pollution by up to 50 percent. The firm hopes to find investors and build it over the next decade. Vertical cities are the most promising for the development of modern urban planning, the Director of Corporate Programs at the School of Management noted that new commercial and residential spaces in large megacities will have to accommodate millions of people. This problem involves investing in innovative solutions that can cope with the steadily accelerating growth of urbanization. "The main problems of modern cities are the imbalance of the urban environment, the unsuitability of urban spaces for humans, the intensification of negative demographic processes, the growth of social stratification and differentiation of the population by income level, as well as problems of housing and communal services, poor infrastructure development, environmental problems, landscaping, etc. Therefore, the authorities are faced with the task of creating a comfortable living environment for Muscovites. In recent years, urban planners around the world have been developing ideas and solutions for high-density urbanisation. As a result, the concept of a vertical city has become one of the most popular development models. The head of the architectural bureau is confident that the concept of a "flat city" hinders the development of the center of a modern city. Among the promising forms of urban development, he noted two trends – an increase in the density of buildings and the transition from planar development to the practice of building a vertical city. With the rapid growth of the world's urban population, skyscrapers will occupy a prominent place in the cities of the future. The concept of a vertical city can be a response to the challenges of high-density urbanization. Based on the analyzed material, the following trends in the development of high-rise construction can be identified: architectural singularity; environmental friendliness of projects; increase in the size of structures; expansion and improvement of technical capabilities; use of energy-efficient technologies; formation of spatial multistructures with functional and energy autonomy; the use of fundamentally new building materials; the use of progressive structural and architectural solutions; providing comfortable conditions in the premises. The skyscraper is an indicative symbol of modern construction. The tallest buildings in the world today amaze with their grandeur and technical novelty. The rapid increase in functional processes and the search for sustainable development of densely populated areas, despite limited land resources, are arousing increasing interest among designers in the concept of a "vertical city". Its basis is the repeated use of one piece of land with the transformation of land zones into floors and the introduction of citywide processes at the underground, ground and aboveground levels. These levels are subdivided according to their functional purpose and may include a different number of floors. This article will consider examples of conceptual ideas and implemented solutions for the formation of cities in chronological order. They are based on the use of a multi-storey structure. One of the most striking embodiments of this concept in architecture is a skyscraper, which involves combining various life processes in one building without connection with the street space and neighboring buildings. The chaotic expansion of road transport at the ground level has become a catalyst for planning an urban structure of several floors, both on the roofs of buildings and in underground spaces with utilities. The analysis showed that horizontal connections connecting autonomous urban structures and the ground level, which acquires a transit character of operation, are becoming particularly vulnerable. Currently, the efficiency of urban space is often measured by various indicators of the intensity of land use: saturation and diversity of functions, capacity, population density, a variety of integrated typologies, etc. In terms of strategic planning, achieving the required indicators led to the "squeezing" of the general structure up and down relative to the ground level, and, as a result, to the displacement of housing to the upper tiers (hovering above the ground and having no functional connections with it), displacing it from areas with high activity of movement of people, goods and services. The multiple layering of social, economic and cultural processes of vital activity on a limited land plot provoked the development of vertical links of citywide functioning, equalizing horizontal (street) and vertical (elevator) communications in the rules. To characterize the urbanized space, data on the number of storeys of the building and the number of integrated functions has become insufficient. The main reason for this is the spread of citywide processes to underground, above-ground and aboveground levels, which, in turn, are formed into functional tiers, divided by purpose: service, public, transport, residential, etc.; occupy a certain height and may include several floors. The decision to build a skyscraper is rather based not on an economic point of view, but on the desire to attract attention and gain credibility. In some ways, the construction of very tall buildings is not practical. It will be cheaper to build two buildings twice as low as one very high. But if you look at it from the other side, then designers in densely populated areas should make the most of limited land areas. One of the most important tasks in the design of a high-rise building is to preserve the bearing capacity and stability of the building under wind loads and earthquakes. For skyscrapers, one of the main differences from low-rise buildings is the wind load, which most often creates more effort than the building's own weight. Each skyscraper design is unique. The main supporting element is a steel frame, which is hidden behind curtain walls. It consists of a set of steel columns both around the perimeter of the building and inside it, a core of rigidity (stair and elevator shafts) and other components interconnected by horizontal elements. In a world where needs and desires are constantly evolving, shopping malls act as epicenters of this transformation. They not only offer goods and services, but also create unique atmospheres that unite people and stimulate cultural exchange. Majestic glass facades, welcoming guests inside, hide behind a world of exquisite boutiques, modern cafes and exciting entertainment. Here, every visitor finds something to their liking - whether it's the latest fashion trends, sophisticated cooking or exciting film screenings. Shopping malls are becoming not just places of shopping, but also centers of social life. A variety of events, from exhibitions and concerts to master classes and special promotions, attract both locals and tourists, creating a dynamic community of lovers of comfortable shopping. At the same time, shopping malls play a key role in the economic development of the region. They stimulate entrepreneurship, provide jobs and contribute to the growth of the tourist flow, which leads to the prosperity of both local businesses and society as a whole. The symbiosis of modern design, innovative technologies and attention to the needs of visitors makes shopping malls an integral part of the urban landscape and a symbol of the dynamic development of modern retail culture. Everyone can find something special in them – whether it's a new trend, inspiration or just a cozy place to meet friends and family. In the dark night, when the city goes into the arms of sleep, the theater comes to life. Its facade, like a majestic monument of culture, rises above the street, as if inviting everyone to enter the world of illusions and magic. Having crossed the threshold of this magical place, the viewer plunges into the world of drama and comedy, becoming a witness and participant in amazing stories. New worlds are born here every evening, where destinies intertwine, passions unfold and the secrets of the human soul are revealed. The scene becomes a canvas on which the whole range of feelings and emotions is revealed. Actors, like magicians, turn into characters, capturing the viewer in their whirlwind of passions and experiences. Every gesture, every word is filled with meaning, every look has magic that can move us to another world. But the theater is not only a place of entertainment. It is a source of inspiration and education. Here the viewer sees a reflection of his own experiences and faces problems that concern each person. Great classical works, modern productions, experimental performances – all this broadens your horizons and teaches you to look at the world from a new perspective. The theater is a place where talents meet. Stars are born here, where aspiring actors find their vocation, and experienced craftsmen improve their skills. Each performance is a test and an opportunity to demonstrate your skills in front of an attentive audience. And finally, the theater is a meeting place. Here people gather to share joy and sorrow together, to discuss what they have read and seen, to find new friends and be inspired by new ideas. Laughter and tears sound in its walls, eternal memories are born here. The theater is an oasis in the hustle and bustle of everyday life, a beacon that guides us through the storm of life. He lives in the hearts of his audience and actors, continuing the eternal play of light and shadow, mimicry and illusion. And as long as humanity exists, the theater will live on, continuing to inspire, teach and excite the hearts of all who believe in it. The mysterious halls of the galleries, filled with the whispers of the past and the silent language of art, beckon and attract. Exhibitions are a magnificent combination of creativity and imagination, a place where reality mixes with fantasy, and ideas turn into visual treasures. Each painting, sculpture or installation is a piece of the artist's soul, who skillfully embodied his thoughts and emotions in a form accessible to every viewer. At art exhibitions, we immerse ourselves in a world of diverse interpretations, meet with new ideas and experience emotions that are difficult to convey in words. This is a place where even the most unusual ideas find their embodiment, and everyone can find something that touches his soul or causes delight. Through exhibitions, we broaden our horizons, enrich our inner world and find inspiration in the most unexpected places. They allow us to see the world differently, through the eyes of creative geniuses, and to be transported into a world of fantasy and beauty. Each new exhibition is an opportunity to immerse yourself in a new story, feel the excitement of the unknown and leave your mark on the art world. Art is not just a collection of creative manifestations, it is a mirror reflecting the deepest and most intricate corners of the human soul. It is an insight into the world of emotions, thoughts and fantasies through captivating shapes and bright colors. Art is more than just a beautiful picture or a harmonious melody; it is the language that hearts speak. Every artist, musician, writer, or actor is a researcher who delves into his inner worlds and translates them onto canvas, sheet music, book pages, or stage. Art allows us to express what is sometimes difficult to put into words, making us think, empathize and admire. Great works of art survive for centuries, maintaining their relevance and inspiring new generations. They become part of the cultural heritage, enriching our ideas about the world and about ourselves. They encourage us to reflect, make us search for deeper meanings and reflect on life. Art is not only joy and delight, but also the ability to cause pain and regret. It reflects the tragedies and difficulties of our existence, but at the same time gives us hope and faith in the best. Art unites people, transcending the boundaries of time, language and culture, and allows us to feel like a part of something bigger. Thus, art is an integral part of the human experience, which helps us to realize and overcome the difficulties of life, opens up new horizons for us and inspires us to be better than we are. In a world where speed and efficiency are valued, art reminds us of the importance of slowly and deeply immersing ourselves and the world around us. In our world, riddled with stress and everyday worries, the art of entertainment is becoming an integral component of life. From music and cinema to literature and sports, the variety of entertainment forms is continuously evolving, reflecting the changing tastes and needs of society. In this essay, we will dive into the fascinating world of entertainment, exploring its role, significance and impact on our lives. Entertainment permeates all areas of our existence, from the morning show on the radio to the late hours of online gaming. They are a source of pleasure, entertainment and sometimes even inspiration. Music, in its diverse form, not only entertains, but also allows us to express our emotions and feelings. Cinema and theater transform us in the blink of an eye, taking us into the most exciting stories and allowing us to immerse ourselves in alternative realities. Literature, both ancient and modern, opens up new worlds and perspectives for us, expanding our horizons. Social media and video games, although often criticized for their pastimes, play an important role in our entertainment culture. They become a platform for communication, joint play and even creativity. These new forms of entertainment reflect our desire for social connection and interaction. However, in addition to their role in entertainment, the variety of entertainment forms also raises questions about their impact on society. Can they serve as an instrument of education and cultural enrichment, or, conversely, become a source of dependence and distraction from real problems? These issues require serious discussion and analysis. Thus, the entertainment world is a unique mix of cultural, social and psychological aspects that have a significant impact on our lives. Understanding this dynamic and evolving field of culture is the key to a better understanding of our world and ourselves. Among the various types of tourism, business tourism stands out, as it acts as one of the main segments of the hospitality market, is considered the most promising type of tourism due to the following features: – independence from the season (events with the participation of business travelers are held throughout the year); – predictability (the event is planned for a significant period before it takes place); – mass character; – focus on the consumption of high-quality services, as well as a wide range of additional services. Business tourism is a direction that allows you to develop the offer of tourist products, which can be offered to tourists all year round or in the so–called "low" season. Such a product is business tours, fairs, conferences, symposiums, etc., since the peak of their organization falls precisely in spring and autumn. According to experts of the World Tourism Organization, the share of business tourism in the world is 20%. Business tourism is one of the most cost-effective types of tourism. Thus, about 50% of the income of airlines, about 60% of the income of hotels and more than 70% of the income of car rental companies is created by servicing this particular category of tourists. Another feature of this sector is the growing demand for combined programs that combine 3-4 days of work and 1-3 days of incentive rest. Business tourists are effective clients for hotels and travel agencies. 60% of hotel rooms worldwide are booked by businessmen and managers of companies. The daily expenses of delegates to various business meetings, congresses, symposiums, etc. exceed $ 345, and an ordinary tourist spends an average of $ 200 per day. It can be stated that business tourism is a special type of business based on interaction with traditional tourism. Business tourism is an integral part of the modern production process and corporate life. It is customary to distinguish two areas in business tourism: the corporate travel industry and the MICE meeting industry. The abbreviation MICE is formed by the initial letters of four English words, which, when deciphered, show the directions of organizing these tours: 1. Meetings – negotiations with partners, meetings, trainings and seminars for dealers, and other business meeting options. The right organization largely shapes the company's image. 2. Incentives – incentive tours that are designed to express gratitude to customers, employees and partners. They perfectly motivate the team, strengthen corporate values and have a positive effect on work. 3. Conferences – organization of seminars, conferences, trips to exhibitions, for which an effective result is important. 4. Events (exhibitions, events) – organization of off-site corporate events and tours. The business tourism market can also be divided into two segments. The first segment, organized business tourism, is represented by business travelers who attend various MICE events: international and national forums, congresses, conventions, exhibitions, fairs, corporate events, combining them with recreation. The second, unorganized business tourism, is a very significant and promising, but much less controlled segment of the business tourism market, represented by individual travelers who make business trips unrelated to MICE events, combining them with recreation. Western companies have long mastered such a type of event as business tourism. The modern cultural center of the Global South is a unique space where traditions and innovations are intertwined, where a variety of voices creates a symphony of modernity. Artists, musicians, scientists and activists meet here, eager to share their views on the world and launch dialogues that are important for our time. The center becomes a platform for exhibitions, exhibitions and performances, showcasing not only local talents, but also international projects. It opens the door to cultural exchange, promoting intercultural dialogue and understanding. Master classes, lectures and round tables allow everyone to immerse themselves in the discussion of topical social, environmental and economic issues. In this center, the love of art is intertwined with concern for the future of our planet. Initiatives aimed at sustainable development, preservation of cultural heritage and support of local communities are being created here. The modern cultural center of the Global South is not just a place, it is a movement that inspires creativity and initiative for changes that the world is waiting for with open arms.
Saudi Arabia Riyadh New Murabba Mukaab email : kzx3081@gmail.com